Small and midsize organizations, by necessity, often temporarily rotate employees between jobs due to small staffs and turnover.
So why not turn an informal necessity into a formal career development program? A rotation plan can teach new skills, increase engagement and provide career paths for stagnated top performers who?ve outgrown their positions.
The pros
Job-rotation programs help exempt employees improve business skills more than technical and admin abilities. Also, nonexempt workers enhance technical skills over admin know-how.
Organizations can identify promising candidates for promotion and give them experience they need to advance.
Institutional knowledge increases because workers know more about the business and can perform more jobs.
The cons
Productivity drops temporarily as workers learn new jobs, make mistakes and possibly fail some assignments.
The workload will increase for those who don?t rotate. As a result, department managers may balk at including their most productive employees. ?
Studies show that early-career professionals and managers are most interested in rotation because they believe it benefits their advancement. Later-stage employees are least attracted.
5 guidelines to a smart program
Create a job-rotation policy that defines eligibility and explains which jobs are included. It?s difficult to include highly specialized jobs that require special training or degrees. ?
Make it clear that job rotation is voluntary, not mandatory. Employees who do it willingly are more likely to succeed.
Include professional, management, nonexempt and nonexempt employees of all ages and experience. Don?t rotate new hires and younger employees faster. Reason: Broad inclusion helps managers and employees discover hidden talents that can benefit the organization. ?
Prior to each rotation, define the skills that employees should learn and explain management?s expectations.?? ?
Don?t rotate employees too quickly. People should spend enough time in each task to learn the skills required to perform it well. ?
Final tip: Job rotation requires teamwork from the entire organization, including managers and employees who don?t participate directly.
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Hillary Clinton, a longtime children's advocate, helped launch the Too Small to Fail initiative that aims to bring parents, businesses, and communities together on behalf of children under age five.
By Stacy Teicher Khadaroo,?Staff writer / June 14, 2013
Former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton speaks during the Clinton Global Initiative America meeting in Chicago on Friday.
John Gress/Reuters
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The people who will benefit most from Hillary Rodham Clinton?s new life beyond the Beltway are too young to follow her on Twitter.
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On Friday, the longtime children?s advocate helped launch the Too Small to Fail initiative to promote ways that parents, businesses, and communities can give children a better start in the critical years between birth and age 5.
The campaign will help publicize research on the relationship between babies? and toddlers? experiences and brain development. It will provide guidance to parents on simple steps to enhance children?s health and early learning opportunities. And it aims to secure commitments from private businesses, both through financial investments and through structures that help working parents spend quality time with their children.
Mrs. Clinton unveiled Too Small to Fail in a video on the website TooSmall.org Friday. ?It?s little things, early on, that can make a huge difference later on,? she says as the video shows a diverse series of children laughing, reading, painting, hugging, and playing with caring adults.
The initiative is a partnership between the Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Clinton Foundation and Next Generation, a California-based policy and communications group focused in part on the well-being of children and families.
Clinton?s involvement is not surprising to early-childhood education advocates, given her own work on behalf of expanding preschool as a New York senator and her earlier work promoting health, family, and children?s issues as an attorney, first lady of the United States, presidential candidate, and secretary of State.
?She?s just someone I think we all look to ? as a mother, as a leader both globally and domestically, as somebody who would understand the importance of early learning and how it affects the economy, how it affects families, how it affects working women,? says Kris Perry, executive director of the First Five Years Fund, an early education advocacy group based in Chicago and Washington. ?It really elevates the profile of the issue,? she says, so that more Americans can realize the importance of children being well prepared by the time they start school.
Just under half of America?s low-income children start school ready to learn. The rest ?start school lacking the vocabulary and math skills that they need to succeed, and they also often are not provided the type of nutrition and health needed from the very start,? said Ann O?Leary, who will help run Too Small to Fail and is vice president of Next Generation, in a press call Friday afternoon. ?We know that the government has a role to play, but equally important are the roles of parents, business, communities ? to help prepare America?s children to be ready to succeed in the 21st century.?
Organizers promised more specifics in the coming weeks and months, but one hint at the kind of investments businesses might be called upon to make was discussed Thursday at the Clinton Global Initiative America conference in Chicago. The J.B. & M.K. Pritzker Family Foundation, with investments from companies such as Goldman Sachs, will finance preschool for disadvantaged 3 and 4-year-olds in Utah with a social impact bond, in which investors get a return on the money once the program generates savings down the line (in this case, through reduced need for special education services).
Because the Clinton Foundation has a good reputation for leveraging the business community through such partnerships, that announcement, paired with Mrs. Clinton?s involvement, bodes well for ?cutting edge, breakthrough? improvements for children, Ms. Perry says.
(Those in the Twitterverse still abuzz about Clinton joining this week might find it useful to know that the new initiative has a Twitter handle as well: @2SmalltoFail)
ARDMORE, Pa. (AP) ? Five things to look for Sunday in the final round of the U.S. Open:
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PHIL's DAY? Sure seems like it's setting up to be. Sunday is Phil Mickelson's 43rd birthday. And, yes, it's Father's Day for the golfer who made time this week to fly cross-country for his daughter's eighth-grade graduation. And it'll also be the first time Mickelson will enter the final round of a U.S. Open with the outright lead. He's been runner-up a record five times, but he's been a cool finisher this week, making birdie at 18 in the second round to move into a tie for the lead, then taking the solo spot atop the leaderboard with a birdie at 17 on Saturday.
____
CAN STRICKER CLEAR A MAJOR HURDLE? He's never won one, and he's running out of time at age 46. Stricker's steady-as-she-goes game has him one stroke off the lead, but he's never finished well when he's been in the mix going into Sunday at a major championship. He's in a different frame of mind these days, having cut back his schedule to spend more time with family and more time practicing for the big events. He says that's made a difference this week. Only one bad hole Saturday ? a double-bogey at No. 9 ? helps validate his plan.
____
HOW ABOUT ONE FOR KING AND COUNTRY? If it seems like forever since Merion hosted a U.S. Open, how about the eternity it's been since an Englishman won one. Go back to Tony Jacklin in 1970 to find the Cross of St. George flag next to the winner's name. Those with a shot Sunday include Justin Rose and Luke Donald, both two shots off the pace at 1 over. Ian Poulter is six back. Paul Casey and Lee Westwoord are seven behind, but that's good enough for a tie for 16th after three rounds.
____
WHAT'S UP WITH TIGER? He's nine shots off the lead after a 6-over 76, matching his worst U.S. Open score as a pro. His bothersome left elbow didn't seem to be a factor this time, as it was in the first two rounds. Instead, he couldn't get a feel for the severe slopes on the greens and needed 36 putts to get around the course. His last major win was the U.S. Open at Torrey Pines in 2008. His average of 32 putts per round this week is the primary reason why his drought of five years is virtually certain to become five-plus.
____
WILL ANYONE BIRDIE 18? No one did in the third round. The average score at the finishing hole was 4.74, making it again the hardest on the course. Approach shots that landed on the green kept rolling and rolling, coming to rest in the nasty rough and making it essentially look like a poorly-designed par 5. Charl Schwartzel was so apprehensive about the undulating green that he marked his ball and reset himself before attempting a 1-foot putt for bogey.
PHILADELPHIA (AP) ? As a bulldozer began to clear away the debris of a collapsed building that killed six people, city officials said a search for the dead and injured was nearly complete Thursday and an investigation had already begun to determine how a relatively commonplace demolition job could have gone so wrong.
Fire Commissioner Lloyd Ayers said crews still needed to search about 20 percent of the site of the collapse, including the back of a thrift store onto which the vacant four-story building collapsed while being demolished. The search effort was expected to last through the afternoon.
Firefighters were hosing down piles of bricks as heavy machinery scooped up massive heaps of debris and filled a large receptacle to be trucked away. Inside what was left of the Salvation Army thrift store, an undisturbed rack of clothing remained standing in a rear corner.
Rescue efforts were buoyed early Thursday when a 61-year-old woman was pulled from the rubble alive and conscious 13 hours after the collapse. That woman, Myra Plekam, was hospitalized in critical condition and has floated in and out of consciousness. At least 13 others were hurt, many with minor injuries.
"That's why we stay the course," Ayers said. "This person being pulled out alive is what this rescue operation is all about."
Workers combed through bricks and rubble using buckets and their bare hands well into the night.
It was unclear what role the demolition work might have played in the collapse, but the accident raised questions about how closely the highly visible spot on Market Street, one of Philadelphia's signature boulevards, was being monitored, particularly amid word of the demolition contractor's many legal and financial troubles. Officials from the U.S. Department of Labor and Occupational Safety and Health Administration were at the scene.
"Buildings get demolished all the time in the city of Philadelphia with active buildings right next to them ... they're done safely in this city all the time," Mayor Michael Nutter said at a news conference late Thursday morning. "Something obviously went wrong here yesterday, and possibly in the days leading up to it. That's what the investigation is for."
Officials said every demolition project gets two inspections ? one before work begins and a second when most of the building is down. The building that collapsed was one of three being taken down at the edge of downtown. Officials said they received a complaint in early May when the neighboring building was being demolished. An inspector visited the site on May 14 and found no violations, officials said. They said the building that collapsed was still fully intact on the date of that inspection.
The mayor's office identified the victims as Anne Bryan, Roseline Conteh, Borbor Davis, Kimberly Finnegan, Juanita Harmin and Mary Simpson.
Bryan, 18, was a student at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Davis was a 68-year-old Liberian immigrant who lived in Darby and died while working at the thrift store. Finnegan, 35 and newly engaged, was working her first day at the downtown store after about a year at a Salvation Army shop in the city's Roxborough neighborhood, where she lived.
For weeks, people working nearby had watched with growing concern as a crew took down the vacant four-story building next to a Salvation Army thrift store.
A roofer atop another building didn't think the operation looked safe. A pair of window washers across the street spotted an unbraced, 30-foot section of wall and predicted among themselves the whole building would simply fall down.
On Wednesday, that's what happened. The unstable shell of a building collapsed into a massive heap of bricks and splintered wood, taking part of the thrift store with it.
Witnesses said they heard a loud rumbling sound immediately before the collapse.
Officials said the demolition contractor was Griffin Campbell Construction in Philadelphia. A woman who answered the door Thursday afternoon at Campbell's home in North Philadelphia said he was not there but added he was "devastated" by what happened.
"He's mourning the loss of those people just like everyone else," said Dominique Lee, who identified herself as Campbell's daughter.
She said her father has a lawyer but declined to provide the attorney's name.
Records show that Campbell was charged in 2005 with dealing crack cocaine near a playground. The charges were dismissed after prosecutors misplaced evidence.
He pleaded guilty in an insurance fraud case in 2009, and was acquitted of aggravated assault and related offenses in 2007.
Campbell has also filed for bankruptcy protection twice since 2010. The first bankruptcy was dismissed because he didn't follow through on a repayment plan approved by the court. A second bankruptcy petition was filed in March.
There were no existing violations on the collapsed building, and Campbell had proper permits for the work being done, according to Carlton Williams, of the city's Department of Licenses and Inspections.
The city issued a demolition permit for the four-story structure on Feb. 1. Records show the property owner as STB Investments Corp., a company linked to prominent businessman and developer Richard Basciano, who has been best known as the owner of porn theaters in New York City and Philadelphia.
Messages left at the company's New York offices were not immediately returned.
___
Rubinkam reported from northeastern Pennsylvania. Associated Press writers Ron Todt and Maryclaire Dale also contributed to this story.
Earthquake acoustics can indicate if a massive tsunami is imminent, Stanford researchers findPublic release date: 6-Jun-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Bjorn Carey bccarey@stanford.edu 650-725-1944 Stanford University
On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.0 undersea earthquake occurred 43 miles off the shore of Japan. The earthquake generated an unexpectedly massive tsunami that washed over eastern Japan roughly 30 minutes later, killing more than 15,800 people and injuring more than 6,100. More than 2,600 people are still unaccounted for.
Now, computer simulations by Stanford scientists reveal that sound waves in the ocean produced by the earthquake probably reached land tens of minutes before the tsunami. If correctly interpreted, they could have offered a warning that a large tsunami was on the way.
Although various systems can detect undersea earthquakes, they can't reliably tell which will form a tsunami, or predict the size of the wave. There are ocean-based devices that can sense an oncoming tsunami, but they typically provide only a few minutes of advance warning.
Because the sound from a seismic event will reach land well before the water itself, the researchers suggest that identifying the specific acoustic signature of tsunami-generating earthquakes could lead to a faster-acting warning system for massive tsunamis.
Discovering the signal
The finding was something of a surprise. The earthquake's epicenter had been traced to the underwater Japan Trench, a subduction zone about 40 miles east of Tohoku, the northeastern region of Japan's larger island. Based on existing knowledge of earthquakes in this area, seismologists puzzled over why the earthquake rupture propagated from the underground fault all the way up to the seafloor, creating a massive upward thrust that resulted in the tsunami.
Direct observations of the fault were scarce, so Eric Dunham, an assistant professor of geophysics in the School of Earth Sciences, and Jeremy Kozdon, a postdoctoral researcher working with Dunham, began using the cluster of supercomputers at Stanford's Center for Computational Earth and Environmental Science (CEES) to simulate how the tremors moved through the crust and ocean.
The researchers built a high-resolution model that incorporated the known geologic features of the Japan Trench and used CEES simulations to identify possible earthquake rupture histories compatible with the available data.
Retroactively, the models accurately predicted the seafloor uplift seen in the earthquake, which is directly related to tsunami wave heights, and also simulated sound waves that propagated within the ocean.
In addition to valuable insight into the seismic events as they likely occurred during the 2011 earthquake, the researchers identified the specific fault conditions necessary for ruptures to reach the seafloor and create large tsunamis.
The model also generated acoustic data; an interesting revelation of the simulation was that tsunamigenic surface-breaking ruptures, like the 2011 earthquake, produce higher amplitude ocean acoustic waves than those that do not.
The model showed how those sound waves would have traveled through the water and indicated that they reached shore 15 to 20 minutes before the tsunami.
"We've found that there's a strong correlation between the amplitude of the sound waves and the tsunami wave heights," Dunham said. "Sound waves propagate through water 10 times faster than the tsunami waves, so we can have knowledge of what's happening a hundred miles offshore within minutes of an earthquake occurring. We could know whether a tsunami is coming, how large it will be and when it will arrive."
Worldwide application
The team's model could apply to tsunami-forming fault zones around the world, though the characteristics of telltale acoustic signature might vary depending on the geology of the local environment. The crustal composition and orientation of faults off the coasts of Japan, Alaska, the Pacific Northwest and Chile differ greatly.
"The ideal situation would be to analyze lots of measurements from major events and eventually be able to say, 'this is the signal'," said Kozdon, who is now an assistant professor of applied mathematics at the Naval Postgraduate School. "Fortunately, these catastrophic earthquakes don't happen frequently, but we can input these site specific characteristics into computer models such as those made possible with the CEES cluster in the hopes of identifying acoustic signatures that indicates whether or not an earthquake has generated a large tsunami."
Dunham and Kozdon pointed out that identifying a tsunami signature doesn't complete the warning system. Underwater microphones called hydrophones would need to be deployed on the seafloor or on buoys to detect the signal, which would then need to be analyzed to confirm a threat, both of which could be costly. Policymakers would also need to work with scientists to settle on the degree of certainty needed before pulling the alarm.
If these points can be worked out, though, the technique could help provide precious minutes for an evacuation.
The study is detailed in the current issue of the journal the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.
###
Video available at: http://youtu.be/4YxKSQvqgy8
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Earthquake acoustics can indicate if a massive tsunami is imminent, Stanford researchers findPublic release date: 6-Jun-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Bjorn Carey bccarey@stanford.edu 650-725-1944 Stanford University
On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.0 undersea earthquake occurred 43 miles off the shore of Japan. The earthquake generated an unexpectedly massive tsunami that washed over eastern Japan roughly 30 minutes later, killing more than 15,800 people and injuring more than 6,100. More than 2,600 people are still unaccounted for.
Now, computer simulations by Stanford scientists reveal that sound waves in the ocean produced by the earthquake probably reached land tens of minutes before the tsunami. If correctly interpreted, they could have offered a warning that a large tsunami was on the way.
Although various systems can detect undersea earthquakes, they can't reliably tell which will form a tsunami, or predict the size of the wave. There are ocean-based devices that can sense an oncoming tsunami, but they typically provide only a few minutes of advance warning.
Because the sound from a seismic event will reach land well before the water itself, the researchers suggest that identifying the specific acoustic signature of tsunami-generating earthquakes could lead to a faster-acting warning system for massive tsunamis.
Discovering the signal
The finding was something of a surprise. The earthquake's epicenter had been traced to the underwater Japan Trench, a subduction zone about 40 miles east of Tohoku, the northeastern region of Japan's larger island. Based on existing knowledge of earthquakes in this area, seismologists puzzled over why the earthquake rupture propagated from the underground fault all the way up to the seafloor, creating a massive upward thrust that resulted in the tsunami.
Direct observations of the fault were scarce, so Eric Dunham, an assistant professor of geophysics in the School of Earth Sciences, and Jeremy Kozdon, a postdoctoral researcher working with Dunham, began using the cluster of supercomputers at Stanford's Center for Computational Earth and Environmental Science (CEES) to simulate how the tremors moved through the crust and ocean.
The researchers built a high-resolution model that incorporated the known geologic features of the Japan Trench and used CEES simulations to identify possible earthquake rupture histories compatible with the available data.
Retroactively, the models accurately predicted the seafloor uplift seen in the earthquake, which is directly related to tsunami wave heights, and also simulated sound waves that propagated within the ocean.
In addition to valuable insight into the seismic events as they likely occurred during the 2011 earthquake, the researchers identified the specific fault conditions necessary for ruptures to reach the seafloor and create large tsunamis.
The model also generated acoustic data; an interesting revelation of the simulation was that tsunamigenic surface-breaking ruptures, like the 2011 earthquake, produce higher amplitude ocean acoustic waves than those that do not.
The model showed how those sound waves would have traveled through the water and indicated that they reached shore 15 to 20 minutes before the tsunami.
"We've found that there's a strong correlation between the amplitude of the sound waves and the tsunami wave heights," Dunham said. "Sound waves propagate through water 10 times faster than the tsunami waves, so we can have knowledge of what's happening a hundred miles offshore within minutes of an earthquake occurring. We could know whether a tsunami is coming, how large it will be and when it will arrive."
Worldwide application
The team's model could apply to tsunami-forming fault zones around the world, though the characteristics of telltale acoustic signature might vary depending on the geology of the local environment. The crustal composition and orientation of faults off the coasts of Japan, Alaska, the Pacific Northwest and Chile differ greatly.
"The ideal situation would be to analyze lots of measurements from major events and eventually be able to say, 'this is the signal'," said Kozdon, who is now an assistant professor of applied mathematics at the Naval Postgraduate School. "Fortunately, these catastrophic earthquakes don't happen frequently, but we can input these site specific characteristics into computer models such as those made possible with the CEES cluster in the hopes of identifying acoustic signatures that indicates whether or not an earthquake has generated a large tsunami."
Dunham and Kozdon pointed out that identifying a tsunami signature doesn't complete the warning system. Underwater microphones called hydrophones would need to be deployed on the seafloor or on buoys to detect the signal, which would then need to be analyzed to confirm a threat, both of which could be costly. Policymakers would also need to work with scientists to settle on the degree of certainty needed before pulling the alarm.
If these points can be worked out, though, the technique could help provide precious minutes for an evacuation.
The study is detailed in the current issue of the journal the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.
###
Video available at: http://youtu.be/4YxKSQvqgy8
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
June 5, 2013 ? A phase 1 clinical trial for the first treatment to reset the immune system of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients showed the therapy was safe and dramatically reduced patients' immune systems' reactivity to myelin by 50 to 75 percent, according to new Northwestern Medicine research.
In MS, the immune system attacks and destroys myelin, the insulating layer that forms around nerves in the spinal cord, brain and optic nerve. When the insulation is destroyed, electrical signals can't be effectively conducted, resulting in symptoms that range from mild limb numbness to paralysis or blindness.
"The therapy stops autoimmune responses that are already activated and prevents the activation of new autoimmune cells," said Stephen Miller, the Judy Gugenheim Research Professor of Microbiology-Immunology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. "Our approach leaves the function of the normal immune system intact. That's the holy grail."
Miller is the co-senior author of a paper on the study, which will be published June 5 in the journal Science Translational Medicine. The study is a collaboration between Northwestern's Feinberg School, University Hospital Zurich in Switzerland and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf in Germany.
The human trial is the translation of more than 30 years of preclinical research in Miller's lab.
In the trial, the MS patients' own specially processed white blood cells were used to stealthily deliver billions of myelin antigens into their bodies so their immune systems would recognize them as harmless and develop tolerance to them.
Current therapies for MS suppress the entire immune system, making patients more susceptible to everyday infections and higher rates of cancer.
While the trial's nine patients -- who were treated in Hamburg, Germany -- were too few to statistically determine the treatment's ability to prevent the progression of MS, the study did show patients who received the highest dose of white blood cells had the greatest reduction in myelin reactivity.
The primary aim of the study was to demonstrate the treatment's safety and tolerability. It showed the intravenous injection of up to 3 billion white blood cells with myelin antigens caused no adverse affects in MS patients. Most importantly, it did not reactivate the patients' disease and did not affect their healthy immunity to real pathogens.
As part of the study, researchers tested patients' immunity to tetanus because all had received tetanus shots in their lifetime. One month after the treatment, their immune responses to tetanus remained strong, showing the treatment's immune effect was specific only to myelin.
The human safety study sets the stage for a phase 2 trial to see if the new treatment can prevent the progression of MS in humans. Scientists are currently trying to raise $1.5 million to launch the trial, which has already been approved in Switzerland. Miller's preclinical research demonstrated the treatment stopped the progression of relapsing-remitting MS in mice.
"In the phase 2 trial we want to treat patients as early as possible in the disease before they have paralysis due to myelin damage." Miller said. "Once the myelin is destroyed, it's hard to repair that."
In the trial, patients' white blood cells were filtered out, specially processed and coupled with myelin antigens by a complex GMP manufacturing process developed by the study co-senior authors, Roland Martin, Mireia Sospedra, and Andreas Lutterotti and their team at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Then billions of these dead cells secretly carrying the myelin antigens were injected intravenously into the patients. The cells entered the spleen, which filters the blood and helps the body dispose of aging and dying blood cells. During this process, the immune cells start to recognize myelin as a harmless and immune tolerance quickly develops. This was confirmed in the patients by immune assays developed and carried out by the research team in Hamburg.
This therapy, with further testing, may be useful for treating not only MS but also a host of other autoimmune and allergic diseases simply by switching the antigens attached to the cells. Previously published preclinical research by Miller showed the therapy's effectiveness for type 1 diabetes and airway allergy (asthma) and peanut allergy.
The MS human trial relates directly to Miller's recently published research in mice in which he used nanoparticles -- rather than a patient's white blood cells -- to deliver the myelin antigen. Using a patient's white blood cells is a costly and labor-intensive procedure. Miller's study showed the nanoparticles, which are potentially cheaper and more accessible to a general population, could be as effective as the white blood cells as delivery vehicles. This nanoparticle technology has been licensed to Cour Pharmaceutical Development Company and is in preclinical development.
Miller's research represents several pillars of Northwestern's Strategic Plan by discovering new ways to treat disease in the biomedical sciences and translating those discoveries into ideas and products that make the world a better place for everyone.
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Public release date: 6-Jun-2013
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